“CHANAKYA NITI” :- A Book Must Read

This is a wonderful book, contains couplets written by Chanakya. Chanakya is considered to be one of the brilliant strategist and economist of all time. Due to his political wisdom and diplomatic skills he is called as ‘Machiaville of India’. The Dos and Don’ts suggested by Chanakya in these couplets are very much true even today. Following are some of my favorites from this book:

• An industrious person can never be poor, always keeping God in mind keeps one away from sin, the silence doest not let quarrels appear and an ever vigilant person has no cause for fear.

• The following six things are living funeral for a man: To live in a village of bad characters, to work for an evil family, to get bad food to eat, a short tempered wife, a foolish son and a widowed daughter.

• Do not be too simple and too straight. Go to the jungle to see how the smooth and straight trees have been cut down mercilessly but the crooked ones stand unharmed.

• A person who is shameless (Bold) in the matters of: Dealing with money or trade, learning some art or skill, eating and behavior, is a happy one.

• Be content with what you have already got as wife, food and income. But don’t ever be content with your knowledge, self-improvement and charity.

• In this world, those who desire only for wealth are lowly people of lowest level. Those who desire wealth and respect are people of middle level. The persons of highest level only desire honor and respect.

• No blessing is greater than peace. No joy is greater when contentment. No disease is worse than greed. No religion is greater than mercy.

• It is of no use to give advice to persons who have no capacity to receive or imbibe. The fragrant winds coming from the forest of sandalwood trees do not aromate the bamboo groves which continue to be offensive smelling.

• Brain power is the mightiest power. The physical power may look fearsome but it has no clever edge to sin against wisdom. Remember the story how a lion got killed by a clever rabbit.

• Something which looks too far off to achieve, intangible and too high to attain, can be reached through perseverance, dogged effort, hard work and single minded devotion. Nothing is impossible. Even God is just a true pena.

3. “Positive paralinguistic make the speech appealing, Interesting and live”-

Language is a very important element in communication. There are about thousands of languages and dialects that are used by humans throughout the world in order to communicate with one another

Language is a very important element in communication. There are about thousands of languages and dialects that are used by humans throughout the world in order to communicate with one another. Some of these languages are very influential that they are used in some other countries. Other languages are just used in a single region or just used by a group of people or a single village and termed as their local dialect. Languages all over the world have their own survival history for some of them developed and expanded and some became extinct.

We used language to communicate to other people. Language and communication often manifested through our speech and writing, but there are other ways in which we communicate without having to talk or to write.

These can be done through the use of the non-verbal communication such as communicating through the use of gestures, glances, changes in the tone of voice, as well as in other auxiliary communication devices.

All of these communication devices are termed as the “paralanguage”. It is being considered that paralanguage helps in reducing or preventing ineffective communication. Paralanguage that takes place in the face-to-face communication has been said to make it difficult for an individual to hide real feelings or emotions.

The paralanguages are usually manifested through the use of body languages such as messages we received in gestures, expressions, as well as body postures. Examples of these paralanguages are these communication messages that we usually see from the arms and the hands such as waiving goodbye, pointing, counting and several others.

It is being considered that communication is not only limited in the use of written as well as spoken languages. There are other ways of communication that we can use to express something or determine something. There are certain thing such as social communication in which we can determine if an individual is ok or not by the tone of his/her voice, expression and other attributes.

Languages, written, spoken or express in other way such as in paralanguage play an important role in human development. Language can be considered as one of the factors that are responsible for the transmission of culture from one generation to another.

It is also considered that without the existence of languages, knowledge could not have been maintained or it could not have been accumulated. Globalization facilitates the need for language to be use effectively as interracial communication is arising

2.Draw the character sketch of the girl in:- “The Eyes Are Not Here”.

The Eyes Have It (also known as The Girl on the Train & The Eyes Are Not Here) is a short story by Ruskin Bond that was originally published in Contemporary Indian English Stories.

                    The narrator of this story, a blind man whose eyes were sensitive to light and darkness, was going to Dehradun by train when he met a girl and had a chit-chat with her. It was only after she left and another passenger came into the compartment that the narrator realizes the girl was blind.

                   The narrator was in a train, travelling to Dehradun. He was blind but took enormous pride in his ability to behave quite normally with fellow passengers behind his eye shade. After a while a young girl got into the compartment from Rohana Station and he was cheered up.
The narrator talked to the young woman, endlessly, skillfully concealing his blindness and the girl was easily deceived. She talked to him as if he was perfectly sighted. After a couple of stations the girl got down at her destination and another passenger got in.
The narrator continued to play his hide and seek with his new companion. On casually asking if the girl had long hair or short, the new companion told him that the girl was blind.


Similarities and contrasts that the two passengers shared:

• The narrator was blind and he wished to hide it from the girl.
• The narrator was fond of talking.
• The narrator was skilled in keeping his blindness from others.
• The narrator was a romantic fool altogether.
• The narrator represents men in common who love the company of a woman.
• The girl too was blind and she too attempted to keep it from the narrator.
• In spite of her parent’s warning, the girl too loved to talk.
• The girl was smarter in keeping her blindness from the narrator.
• The girl was focussed. She didn’t wish to cherish a brief encounter with a man.
• The girl represents women in common who love the safety in the presence of a man and vanish without a goodbye because she has reached safely.

1. Explain ion details the last stanza of the poem;- “The Road Not Taken” :- By Robert Lee Frost

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence

• Now we jump forward in time. We don't know exactly when, but we know that it's ages and ages "hence," or, from now. So we're probably talking years, not months.
• We know that this story is important, because the speaker will still be telling it many years later.
• He'll be telling it with a sigh, though, which is interesting because sighs can be happy, sad, or merely reflective – and we don't know what kind of sigh this is.
• So, we know that this choice is probably going to be important for the speaker's future, but we don't know if he's going to be happy about it or not.

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—

• This line is a repetition of the first line of the poem, with the subtraction of the word "yellow" and the addition of the words "and I."
• This repetition helps to bring the poem to a conclusion. It reminds us what's important in the poem – the concept of choosing between two different paths.
• Then, we get the hesitation of "and I" and the dash. This lets us know that whatever the speaker is about to say next is important.

I took the one less traveled by,

• In this line, the speaker sums up his story and tells us that he took the road less traveled by. With the hesitation in the line before, this declaration could be triumphant – or regretful.
• Also, remember it wasn't exactly clear that the road our speaker took was the one that was less traveled. He said at first that it looked less worn, but then that the two roads were actually about equal.
• Before you start getting mad at our speaker for stretching the truth, remember that he's telling his story far in the future, a long time from when it actually happened. He's predicting that his memory will tell him that he took the road less traveled by, or that he'll lie in the future, no matter what the reality of the situation was.

And that has made all the difference.

• At first glance it seems that this line is triumphant – the narrator took the path that no one else did, and that is what has made the difference in his life that made him successful.
• But he doesn't say that it made him successful – an optimistic reader wants the line to read positively, but it could be read either way. A "difference" could mean success, or utter failure.
• Remember, the speaker is telling us about what he's going to say in the future. From where he is now, just looking down the path as far as he can see, he can't tell if the future that it leads him to is going to be good or bad. He just knows that his choice is important – that it will make all the difference in his life.
• The speaker of this poem could be saying that his choice made all the difference while he's surrounded by his grandchildren, by a fire in a cozy little house. Or he could be saying it to the wind, while walking alone on the streets. At this point, he doesn't know – and neither do we.